Management of Info Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Info Systems - Essay Example This helps companies make decisions faster. In the case of Jackson Kayak, he is able to communicate to the company headquarters so that informed decisions are made (Laudon, 2013). The Chief Operations officer is also able to compare manufacturing equipments side-by-side with the images of replacement parts so that the company gets the correct pieces that will in turn help in improving the operational efficiency. The problems that whitewater kayak manufacturer solved by the use of mobile digital devices is accessing information while outside the company. In this case, Jackson is able to gain instant access to his entire operation from afar. He is able to approve new designs, analyze customer data, and refresh the content of its Web site. This has saved the company time that would have been taken by Jackson to travel to the headquarters, submit the information gathered so that a decision is made. The company has also been able to maintain its competitive advantage by analyzing customer data. This analysis helps the company be able to determine in good time the changing taste and preferences of its customers. As a result, the company is able to satisfy the needs of its customers and make the loyal to the company. General Electric (GE) has been able to manage gas turbine inventory and manage electronic transformers throughout the world by using the company’s Transformer Monitoring application. Monitoring applications also help the company to zoom in from a global map to a specific transformer, and be able to read all of the key performance indicators. Dow Corning executives have been able to use mobile devices to view and analyze real-time data from the company’s core corporate systems that include sales figures, trends, and projections. This presents the company’s managers with simple and intuitive dashboards of complex data. The company has also

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development Essay Example for Free

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development Essay European Journal of Business and Managementwww.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)Vol 4, No.8, 2012 100 and support services to accelerate the development and modernisation of MSMEs, SMEDAN badly needed to have acomprehensive understanding and knowledge of the population of MSMEs in the country, their distribution bysectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, services, trade, construction, mining, technology, etc, and their distribution by rural and urban areas as well as the level of vertical and horizontal linkages within and betweenvarious sectors of industry so as to access the level of industrial integration and the incidence of sub-contracting andits potential in giving a flip to industrial development. The census/survey will also enable SMEDAN to determine and assess the major operating difficulties of MSMEsrelating to both market functions (such as demand-pricing factors, supply factors, raw materials, technologyinfrastructure, etc) and policy environment as it relates to regulatory, incentive and support regimes. The overall benefits of the census/survey would hinge on the expected robust data and information, which SMEDAN wouldemploy as a basis for policy formulation, implementation and intervention, effective developmental planning, vitaladvice on new investments, grow and profitable areas, raw materials availability as well as available technology,available markets, available sources of funds and assistance.The survey exercise is also expected to adequately equip and empower SMEDAN to effectively do the following,inter alia:i. Map out effective strategies for revamping and reforming the MSMEs sub-sector through appropriatelyadvising the government on policy formulation and execution.ii. Recommend the right operators for various incentives and support by government including funding, be itloan, equity and grants.iii. Offer relevant advisory services to state governments on how best to support and invigorate MSMEs in their domains bearing their peculiarities and circumstances in mind.iv. Ide ntify viable projects for both local and foreign investors in order to attract foreign investment.v. Identify viable projects with export potentials and also identify and advise on the appropriate foreignmarkets in order to boost foreign exchange earnings.vi. Identify and assess MSMEs critical requirements in the areas of capacity building, skills gap, knowledge,skills and process and liaise with the relevant institutions and agencies of government like the National PovertyEradication Programme (NAPEP), the Centre for Management Development (CMD), the National Directorate of Employment (NDE), etc.vii. Establish a befitting business support centre for each state in the federation.viii. Facilitate the promotion and government patronage of quality local products of MSMEs for either localconsumption or export or both. 4.1 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN INDIA’S SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES (SSIs) ANDNIGERIA’S SMEs The magnitude of contributions as well as the impact of SSIs on the economic growth and development of India ishighly significant as evidenced by the following figures. The SSIs represent ninety-five percent (95%) of the totalindustrial units in India, contribute forty-five percent (45%) of the total industrial output, account for eighty percent(80%) of all employment in the industrial sector, and contribute thirty-five percent (35%) each of total exports andvalue-added by the entire manufacturing sector respectively in India. Between 1990 and 1991, SSI real growth inIndia recorded between a low of 7.1% in 1993/94 and a high of 11.3% in 1996/97.As a result of commitment and focus on SSIs and driven by their all important role in the economic development, thegovernment of India had as far back as in 1948 put in place, an effective and efficient industrial policy for developing SSIs such that by the year 2000, India had three (3) million SSIs with a production value of US$110billion, export volume of US$ 10billion and staff strength or employment figure of eighteen (18) million. Eventhough SMEs‟ performance in Nigeria shows that technology and fiscal incentives had made little positive impact onthe sub-sector given the obvious lapses in implementation modalities as well as the constraining policy andinfrastructural environment, recent estimates have put the contribution of SMEs to total industrial employment in Nigeria at seventy percent (70%) and to total manufacturing output at 10 – 15 percent. SMEs in Nigeria have beenquite active in promoting the use of local raw materials with many of them also engaged in the processing of localinputs into either intermediate or final products especially agro-allied and solid minerals products. Many SMEs havealso successfully adopted imported plant and machinery for local use and thus positioning themselves as veritable European Journal of Business and Managementwww.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)Vol 4, No.8, 2012 101 tools for promoting technical expertise and development of indigenous entrepreneurship. The Nigerian SMEs aremostly resource-based and dispersed throughout the country (in urban, suburban and rural areas) and hence have tosome extent, facilitated the opening up of the rural areas, mitigated rural-urban drift, and significantly contributed to poverty alleviation.The following represent a brief comparison between Nigeria‟s SMEs and India‟s SSIs:i. Definition†¢ Nigeria‟s SMEs cover enterprises with total cost of N20million excluding land and total employees of between 10and 300 people†¢ India‟s SSIs are defined as units in the manufacturing, processing or preservation of goods with investment in plantand machinery not exceeding Rupees 10million ($210,000).The difference here hinges on the fact that India has no provision for mediu m scale enterprises; their focus is on thereal sector thus excluding trading and services. (ii) Credit Dispensation:†¢ In Nigeria, there are universal banks, development banks, and other special institutions, which provide credit butnot at subsidized rates.†¢ In India, there is a multi-agency system for credit flows; term loans are provided by term lending institutions andworking capital is provided by commercial banks.(iii) Funding Arrangements:†¢ In Nigeria, no minimum quantum of credits to SMEs is mandatory anymore. In the past, a percentage of totalcredits used to be mandatory for SMEs. However, 10% of banks‟ annual Profit Before Tax (PBT) is mandatory for equity investment in SMEs under the SMIEIS program.†¢ In India, 40% of total advances go to the priority sector, and 60% of net bank credit to the priority sector goes toSSIs.(iv) Management of funds invested in SMEs/SSIs:†¢ In Nigeria, the funds can be managed directly, or through a subsidiary or through a venture capital manager.†¢ In India, the credits to SSIs are driven need-ba sed limits on liberal terms with level and profitability as key factorsand not linked to security or collateral. Flexibility is the watchword with each activity assessed on its own merit.(v) Structure of BusinessesIn Nigeria, an SME must be a limited liability company†¢ In India, an SSI could be a limited liability company, or a partnership or a proprietary firm.(vi) Incentives and support to the SME/SSI sector:†¢ In Nigeria, it is mandatory for banks to set aside 10% of their annual profit before tax in support of SMEs. TheBank of Industry (BOI) is expected to provide credits to SMEs but not on soft lending rates. It is only the NigerianExport Import Bank (NEXIM) that provides soft loans to export oriented SMEs.†¢ In India, the incentive and support schemes available to SSIs are much more elaborate and include official generaland organisational support as well as support by other agencies. The nature and levels of key incentives and supportinclude but are not limited to the following:From the above, one can categorically affirm that the incentives and support given to SSIs by the government of India are quite wholesome and formidable. The package of support and incentives provided by the government of Nigeria can in fact, be said to be insignificant when compared with those of India. It is thus less surprising, thedevelopment gap between the SSIs of India and the Nigerian SME sub-sectors and hence the significant role SSIs are playing in the economic growth and development of India. The continuous reinforcement of incentives and support European Journal of Business and Managementwww.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)Vol 4, No.8, 2012 102 to SSIs by the government of India underscores the high degree of appreciation of the importance of the SSIsubsector to the future of the Indian economy.In Nigeria, there are relatively few SMEs in the formal sector and many more in the informal sector. TheInternational Labour Organisation (ILO) has attempted to make some estimates of the contributions made to theeconomy by SMEs, including the informal sector, and believes that they account for over 60 percent of economicactivities and over 35 percent of urban employment 4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN The research design approach adopted in this work is the survey research technique. The survey approach appeared best suited for this work since it is not feasible to interview the entire population. Furthermore, in surveys, there arefixed sets of questions, and responses are systematically classified, so that quantitative comparisons can be made.The sources of primary data were through questionnaires that were administered to the SMEs owner-manager andoral interview held with them. Secondary data were gathered from earlier research work and studies that have beendone. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS Appropriate descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency distribution and simple percentages were used tocharacterize the responses. The use of percentages analysis enables the figures in the research work which were inabsolute terms to be converted to real terms. The statistical tool facilitated the comparism of figures and standardizesdata, thereby reducing the difficulty of comparing non standardized figures. It uses 100 as its base.An in-depth examination of the responses revealed that SMEs involved in manufacturing/assembling ventures rated poor infrastructure as their greatest challenge. Worst among the infrastructural problems facing the SMEs relates toelectrical energy supply, which is rather hydra-headed. In some cases it is nonexistence in which case theentrepreneur has to provide his own energy supply. In other cases it is either epileptic in supply with incessantoutages with the attendant damages to equipment or the voltage supplied is too low as to support the plant andmachinery in use for the respective operation. The increase in production cost emanating from inadequate electric power supply to SMEs is said to be enormous. These costs relate to loss in output due to down time as a result of power outages, cost of fixing damaged equipment resulting from outages, poor quality of products as a result of bumpy production process, the high cost of fuel to operate own generating plants, costs of maintaining and servicingthese generating sets. Respondents regretted the frustration they encounter daily from power outages adding that the plant and equipment they use, especially the locally fabricated ones, can hardly absorb the shocks they are routinelysubjected to. FINDINGS SMEs have been fully recognized by governments and development experts as the main engine of economic growthand a major factor in promoting private sector development and partnership. The development of the SME sector therefore represents an essential element in the growth strategy of most economies and holds particular significancein the case of Nigeria. SMEs not only contribute significantly to improved living standards, employment generationand poverty reduction but they also bring about substantial domestic or local capital formation and achieve highlevels of productivity and capability. From a planning standpoint, SMEs are increasingly recognized as the principalmeans for achieving equitable and sustainable industrial diversification, growth and dispersal. In most countries,including the developed countries like Japan, USA, UK, etc, SMEs account for well over half of the total share of employment, sales, value added and hence contribution to GDP.A major gap in Nigeria‟s industrial development process in the past years has been the absence of a strong and virileSME sub-sector. With over 120 million people, vast productive and arable farmland, rich variety of mineral depositsand other natural resources, Nigeria should have been a haven for SMEs. Unfortunately, SMEs have not played thesignificant and crucial role they are expected to play in Nigeria‟s economic growth, development andindustrialization.

Essay --

My long-term goal is to transition into academia and ultimately become a full Professor in Epidemiology at an academic institution. My goal is to develop a nationally recognized research program, engage in extramurally-funded multidisciplinary research, teach intermediate or advanced graduate level epidemiology courses, mentor graduate students, and engage in university and professional service. Several themes have emerged in my life that make me well suited for a career in Epidemiology, a passion for research and a strong desire to make an impact on the lives of others. My primary interest in public health is chronic disease epidemiology, mainly the underlying etiologies of and effective preventive measures of chronic diseases. I am particularly interested in researching cardiovascular disease and diabetes in traditionally disadvantaged or underserved populations. As an epidemiologist, I want to master the skills of effective research, work to improve the processes of epidemiologic research, and successfully educate minority populations so they are empowered to choose healthy lifestyles. As a lifelong student, learning must precede anything I do. When I first came to the United States, I fell in love with the English language and wanted to be able to speak eloquently. To pursue my goal I immersed myself in books and media, mainly Schoolhouse Rock to acquire grammatical and syntactical knowledge. Then I worked persistently to learn the proper mechanics of the language. Today, the area of my pursuit is different, but the principle is the same. Through extensive study and practice I want to discover novel, paradigm-shifting approaches to addressing health disparities in the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of common chronic dis... ...because there seems to be endless opportunities for personal and professional growth within its multiple research institutes and centers as well as hospital partners and clinics. Additionally, the health disparities concentration offered to students by the School of Public Health caters to my future career goals as well as provides me the opportunity to enhance my skills. As an English learner, I am accustomed to uncertainty but have also experienced the payoff of staying the course and not being afraid to face adversity. As a child, whenever I would become overwhelmed with phonetics or grammar, I would repeat the mantra, "Today I am a student and tomorrow I hope to be a better one." Continued learning is also essential to becoming an epidemiologist. I have no doubt I will carry on this perseverance, tenacity and work ethic in order to thrive as a PhD student.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 19

Damon wouldn't have thought a sadistic old fool who whipped a woman to pieces for not being able to pull a cart meant for a horse would have any friends. And Old Drohzne, indeed, may not have had any. But that wasn't the issue. Neither, strangely, was murder the issue. Murder was an everyday affair around the slums and the fact that Damon had initiated and won a fight was of no surprise to the inhabitants of these dangerous alleyways. The issue lay in making off with a slave. Or perhaps it went deeper. The issue lay in how Damon treated his own slaves. A crowd of men – all men, no women, Damon noticed – had indeed gathered in front of the doctor's building, and they did in fact have torches. â€Å"Mad vampire! Mad vampire on the loose!† â€Å"Drive him out here for justice to be done!† â€Å"Burn the place down if they won't turn him out!† â€Å"The elders say to bring him to them!† This seemed to have the effect the crowd desired, clearing the streets of the more decent people and leaving only the bloody-minded sort who'd been hanging about at a loose end, and were only too glad of a fight. Most of them, of course, were vampires themselves. Most of them were fit vampires. But none of them, Damon thought, flashing a diamond-bright smile around the circle that was closing in on him, had the motivation of knowing that the lives of three young human girls depended on him – and that one of them was the jewel in the crown of humanity, Elena Gilbert. If he, Damon, was torn to pieces in this fight, those three girls would lead lives of hell and degradation. However, even this logic didn't seem to help him prevail as Damon was kicked, bitten, head-butted, punched, and stabbed with wooden daggers – the kind that slice vampire flesh. At first he thought he had a chance. Several of the youngest and fittest vampires fell prey to his cobra-quick strikes and his sudden strafes of Power. But the truth was that there were simply too many of them, Damon thought, as he snapped the neck of a demon whose two long tusks had already scored his arm almost through the muscle. And here came a huge vampire, clearly in training, with an aura that made Damon feel bile at the back of his throat. That one went down with a foot in the face, but he didn't stay down; he came up, clinging to Damon's leg and allowing several smaller vampires with wooden daggers to dart in and hamstring him. Damon felt black dismay as his legs went out from under him. â€Å"Sunlight damn you,† he grated through a mouthful of blood as another tusked, red-skinned demon punched him in the mouth. â€Å"Damn you all to the lowest hells†¦.† It was no good. Dully, still fighting, still using great swaths of Power to maim and kill as many as he could, Damon realized this. And then everything became dreamlike and dazed – not like his dream of Elena, whom he seemed to see constantly in his side-eye, weeping. But dreamlike in a feverish, nightmare sense. He could no longer use his muscles efficiently. His body was battered and even as he healed his legs, another vampire scored a great cut across his back. He was feeling more and more as if he were in a nightmare where he could not move except in slow motion. At the same time, something in his brain was whispering for him to rest. Just rest†¦and it would all be over. Eventually, the greater numbers bore him down, and somebody appeared with a stake. â€Å"Good riddance to new rubbish,† the stake bringer said, his breath reeking of stale blood, his leering face grotesque, as he used leprous-looking fingers to open Damon's shirt so as not to make a hole in the fine black silk. Damon spat on him and had his face stamped on hard in return. He blacked out for a moment and then, slowly, came back to pain. And noise. The gleeful crowd of vampires and demons, drunk on cruelty, were all doing a stomping, rhythmic, improvised dance around Damon, roaring with laughter as they thrust imaginary stakes, working themselves into a frenzy. That was when Damon realized that he was actually going to die. It was a shocking realization, even though he'd known how much more dangerous this world was than the one he'd recently left, and even in the human world he had only escaped death by a hairsbreadth more than once. But now he had no powerful friends, no weaknesses in the crowd to exploit. He felt as if seconds were suddenly stretching into minutes, each one of incalculable worth. What was important? Telling Elena†¦ â€Å"Blind him first! Get that stick blazing!† â€Å"I'll take his ears! Someone help me hold his head!† Telling Elena†¦something. Something†¦sorry†¦ He gave up. Another thought was trying to break into his consciousness. â€Å"Don't forget to knock out his teeth! I promised my girlfriend a new necklace!† I thought I was prepared for this, Damon thought slowly, each word coming separately. But†¦not so soon. I thought I'd made my peace†¦but not with the one person who mattered†¦yes, who mattered the most. He didn't give himself time to think about that subject further. Stefan, he sent out on the most powerful but clandestine jettison of Power he could manage in his foggy state. Stefan, hear me! Elena's come for you – she'll save you! She has Powers that my death will let loose. And I am†¦I am†¦s – At that moment there was a stumbling in the dance around him. Silence descended on the drunken revelers. A few of them hastily bowed their heads or looked away. Damon went still, wondering what could possibly have stopped the frenzied crowd in the very midst of their revelry. Someone was walking toward him. The newcomer had long bronze hair that hung in separate unruly tangles down to his waist. He was naked to the waist, too, exposing a body that the strongest demon might envy. A chest that looked as if it had been carved out of gleaming bronze stone. Exquisitely sculpted biceps. Abs – a perfect six pack. There was not a spare ounce of fat on his entire tall leonine frame. He wore unadorned black trousers with muscles rippling under them at every step. All along one bare arm he had a vivid tattoo of a black dragon eating a heart. Nor was he alone. He held no leash, but by his side was a handsome and uncannily intelligent-looking black dog that stood at alert attention every time he paused. It must have weighed close to two hundred pounds, but there was not an ounce of fat on it, either. And on one shoulder he carried a large falcon. It wasn't hooded as most hunting birds were on forays out of their mews. It also wasn't standing on anything padded. It gripped the bare shoulder of the bronze young man, digging its three front talons into the flesh and sending small streams of blood down his chest. He didn't seem to notice. There were similar, dried streams beside the fresh ones, undoubtedly from previous journeys. In the back, a single talon made a lonely red trail. An absolute hush had fallen on the crowd and the last few demons between the tall man and the bloody, supine figure on the ground scrambled out of his way. For a moment, the leonine man was still. He said nothing, did nothing, emitted no trace of Power. Then he nodded at the dog, which padded forward heavily and sniffed at Damon's bleeding arms and face. After that it sniffed at his mouth and Damon could see the hairs go up on its body. â€Å"Good dog,† said Damon dreamily as the moist, cool nose tickled his cheek. Damon knew this particular animal and he knew also that it did not fit the popular stereotype of a â€Å"good dog.† Rather, it was a hellhound who was used to taking vampires by the throat and shaking them until their arteries spouted blood six feet high into the air. That kind of thing could keep you so occupied that having a stake slipped into your heart might seem an afterthought, Damon mused, holding perfectly still. â€Å"Arrtez-le!† said the bronze-haired youth. The dog obediently backed off, never taking its shining black eyes off Damon's, who never took his own eyes off it until it was some feet away. The bronze-haired youth glanced over the crowd briefly. Then he said with no particular vehemence, â€Å"Laissez-le seul.† Clearly, to the vampires no translation was necessary, and they began to edge away immediately. The unlucky ones were those who didn't edge fast enough and were still around when the bronze young man took another leisurely look about him. Everywhere he looked, he met downcast eyes and cringing bodies, frozen in the act of edging but apparently turned to stone now in an attempt not to attract attention. Damon found himself relaxing. His Power was returning, allowing him to make repairs. He realized that the dog was going from individual to individual and sniffing at each one with interest. When Damon was able to lift his head again, he smiled faintly at the newcomer. â€Å"Sage. Think of the devil.† The bronze man's brief smile was grim. â€Å"You compliment me, mon cher. You see? I'm blushing.† â€Å"I ought to have known you might be here.† â€Å"There is infinite space to wander, mon petit tyran. Even if I must do it alone.† â€Å"Ah, the pity. Tiny violins are playing – † Suddenly Damon couldn't do it anymore. He just couldn't. Maybe it was because of being with Elena before. Maybe it was because this hideous world depressed him unutterably. But when he spoke again, his voice was entirely different. â€Å"I never knew I could feel so grateful. You've saved five lives, though you don't know it. Though how you stumbled on us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sage crouched down, looked at him with concern. â€Å"What is it that has happened?† he said in a serious voice. â€Å"Is it that you hit your head? You know: news travels fast here. I heard you arrived with a harem – â€Å" â€Å"That's true! He did!† Damon's ears caught a bare whisper of sound at the edge of the street where he'd been ambushed. â€Å"If we take the girls hostage – torture them – â€Å" Sage's eyes met Damon's briefly. Clearly, he had heard the whisper as well. â€Å"Saber,† he said to the dog. â€Å"Just the speaker.† He jerked his head, once, in the direction of the whisper. Instantly, the black dog jumped forward, and faster than it took for Damon to describe it in his own mind, had sunk his teeth into the throat of the whisperer, flipped him over once, causing a distinctive crack, and was bounding back, dragging the body between his legs. The words: Je vous ai inform au sujet de ceci! blasted by on a surge of Power that made Damon wince. And Damon thought, yes, he did tell them before – but not what the consequences would be. Laissez lui et ses amis dans la paix! Meanwhile, Damon was slowly getting up, only too glad to accept Sage's protection for himself and his friends. â€Å"Well that certainly should have done it,† he said. â€Å"Why not come back and have a friendly drink with me?† Sage peered at him as if he'd gone mad. â€Å"You know the answer to that is no.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"I told you: no.† â€Å"That's not a reason.† â€Å"The reason I will not come back for a friendly drink†¦mon ange†¦is that we are not friends.† â€Å"We pulled some pretty scams together.† â€Å"Il y a longtemps.† Abruptly, Sage took one of Damon's hands. There was a deep and bloody scratch on it, which Damon hadn't got around to healing. Under Sage's gaze it closed, the flesh turned pink, and it healed. Damon let Sage continue to hold the hand for a moment, and then, not ungently, retrieved it. â€Å"Not such a very long time ago,† he said. â€Å"Away from you?† A sarcastic smile formed on Sage's lips. â€Å"We count time very differently, you and I, mon petit tyran.† Damon was full of befuddled cheer. â€Å"What's one drink?† â€Å"Along with your harem?† Damon tried to picture Meredith and Sage together. His mind balked. â€Å"But you've made yourself responsible for them anyway,† he said flatly. â€Å"And the truth is that none of them are mine. I give my word on that.† He felt a twinge when he thought about Elena, but his word was true. â€Å"Responsible for them?† Sage seemed to be reasoning it out. â€Å"You pledged to save them, then. But I only inherit your pledge if you die. But if you die†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The tall man made a helpless gesture. â€Å"You have to live, to save Stefan and Elena and the others.† â€Å"I'd say no, but that would make you unhappy. So I'll say yes – † â€Å"And if you don't perform, I swear I'll come back to haunt you.† Sage regarded him for a moment. â€Å"I don't think I've ever been accused of being unable to perform before,† he said. â€Å"But of course that was before I became un vampire.† Yes, Damon thought, the meeting of the â€Å"harem† and Sage was bound to be interesting. At least it would be if the girls discovered who Sage really was. But maybe no one would tell them.

Age of Extremes Essay

The twentieth century was rich in events and outstanding personalities. In his book Age of Extremes, Eric Hobsbawm provides an extensive review of what happened during the Twentieth Century and the impact of those events on human development. According to Hobsbawm, the Twentieth Century was both the Age of Catastrophe and the time of the extraordinary economic growth – a complex sandwich of events and developments that changed the human society â€Å"more profoundly than any other period of comparable brevity† (Hobsbawm, 1995). In the first two chapters of Age of Extremes, Eric Hobsbawm (1995) tries to evaluate the social and historic legacy of the Twentieth Century and creates a brief picture of the events and accomplishments that took place between 1914 and 1991. The author is confident that human society cannot distance itself from the events of the past, because everyone on the globe, irrespective of their life history and personal background, went through more or less similar central experiences that affected them all (Hobsbawm, 1995). Hobsbawm (1995) traces the evolution of the Twentieth Century from the First World War, which marked â€Å"the breakdown of the western civilization of the nineteenth century† (p. 6). The western civilization was characterized by capitalist economy, liberal constitutional structure, bourgeois image of the hegemonic class, and the glory of scientific, educational, technological, knowledge, and moral advance (Hobsbawm, 1995). The decades following the beginning of the First World War were the Age of Catastrophe: until the end of WWII, the society stumbled from one calamity to another and lived at the edge of survival (Hobsbawm, 1995). The failure of the major colonial empires and the economic crisis of unprecedented depth added their share of complexity to the state of world affairs (Hobsbawm, 1995). Hobsbawm (1995) believes that the victory of the Soviet Union over Hitler was one of the most important events of the Twentieth Century. Without it, the whole Western world could have turned into set of variations on fascist themes (Hobsbawm, 1995). The rise of the socialist movements was the direct result of the weaknesses in the nineteenth-century bourgeois society (Hobsbawm, 1995). How and why the world threw itself into the Golden Age of capitalism between 1947 and 1973 remains one of basic historical puzzles; but the Golden Age could not be endless and the global crisis that followed affected all, irrespective of their political, social, and economic configurations (Hobsbawm, 1995). The economic crisis gradually extended to cover political issues – the collapse of the Soviet Union produced an enormous zone of political uncertainty and destroyed the stable system of international relations (Hobsbawm, 1995). The economic and political uncertainties were followed by the moral and social crisis – the crisis of beliefs, which humans had used over the course of the Twentieth Century to win their battle over the nineteenth century’s ideology (Hobsbawm, 1995). The century that had begun with unbelievable optimism and faith in the future ended with a bang and a whimper, leaving the society in the midst of the moral, social, economic, and mental collapse (Hobsbawm, 1995). In Hobsbawm’s (1995) view, the Twentieth Century was the time of unprecedented achievements and dramatic failures. The cyclical nature of evolution resulted in continuous instability and profound economic, social, and political shifts. For many countries, the Twentieth Century became the time of remarkable changes and the beginning of the new era of uncertainty and chaos. Whether countries succeed in resolving the existing controversies depends on how well they can learn the lessons of the past and use wisely the historical, political, and moral legacy of the stormy Twentieth Century. Conclusion The Twentieth Century was the time of unprecedented achievements and failures. The capitalization of the word combination â€Å"Twentieth Century† by Hobsbawm (1995) is not accidental. The author feels that the Twentieth Century reflected a unique paradox: the triumph of the material values and their absolute rejection at the end of the era. The century that had begun with unbelievable optimism and faith in the future ended with the deep crisis of the moral and mental ideologies, leaving humanity in the midst of the social, economic, cultural, and moral collapse. Whether countries succeed in resolving the existing controversies depends on how well people can learn from the past and use wisely the historical, political, and moral legacy of the stormy Twentieth Century.

Systems Design Specification essays

Systems Design Specification essays New Age Media has designed an entire business solution for William Ellis Books. After reviewing all the existing manual documentation, analysing the requirements of the business and understanding the need for a more effective and efficient method of performing his business needs, William Ellis has demonstrated his approval of the system requirements specification. Therefore the design specification phase is illustrated throughout the attached report. In designing such a system several elements were taken into account. The design specification addresses the problems that were initially recognised as affecting WEB. Manual filing systems have been replaced to enhance client sales and marketing service. Orders are now placed electronically in the corresponding order file and then crosschecked for availability. This allows for better time management. The user-friendly system allows customer details to be obtained at the right click of a mouse, new customer details can be entered while at the same time building a customer and rare book database. The objective of this is to send current information via WEB newsletter to the database which ensures a higher standard of customer service and marketing. Further design specifications focus on each section of the context diagram, structure charts and more importantly the actual design of system templates including input and output screens, devices and controls that will enable the effective i mplementation of this system. This document is the blue print for the construction of a business system to be implemented by New Age Media. The system will add value to WEB and give the business a competitive advantage in the rare book and manuscript industry. It is the recommendation of this report that con ...

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Learning should be like pleasance trips, like jaunts, to research new views, and to achieve greater highs of cognition. The basic intent of larning should be to foster curiousness in such a mode that clear value add-ons take topographic point. What is new and different? In a competitory universe, distinction is the best scheme, and I have adopted that. The whole term paper is written in stairss so that our instructor could understand my term paper easy, as compared to others. I have given the PESTEL and observation of the touristry industry in dustry in the best possible mode. The existent observations and illustrations are given in the term paper. Benefits from term paper? This term paper has been written to provide the demands of anyone who wants the first manus experience of assorted factors act uponing the touristry industry. Assorted facts and figures are given to understand touristry industry in better manner. Travelers TO VISIT INDIA TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA -ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES A ; INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY Article # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY SOURCEOF DATA PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM -POLITICAL Analysis -ECONOMIC Analysis -SOCIAL Analysis -TECONOLOGICAL Analysis -ECOLOGICAL Analysis -LEGAL Analysis Observation FUTURE OF TOPIC REFRENCES Aim PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM is being done in order to look into and find the consequence of assorted factors that have an impact on the growing and constitution of touristry. The chief aim of this term paper is as under: PESTEL analysis of INDIAN TOURISM Article Analysis on INDIAN TOURISM Observation of INDIAN TOURISM FUTURE of subject. Introduction Indian Tourism: The touristry industry in INDIA is significant and vivacious, and the state is fast going a major planetary finish. India s travel and touristry industry is one of them most profitable industries in the state, and besides credited with lending a significant sum of foreign exchange. This is illustrated by the fact that during 2006, four million tourers visited India and spent US $ 8.9 billion. Several grounds are cited for the growing and prosperity of India s travel and touristry industry. Economic growing has added 1000000s yearly to the ranks of India s in-between category, a group that is driving domestic touristry growing. Disposable income in India has grown by 10.11 % yearly from 2001-2006, and much of that is being spent to go. Thankss in portion to its dining IT and outsourcing industry a turning figure of concern trips are made by aliens to India, who will frequently add a weekend interruption or longer vacation to their trip. Foreign tourists spend more in India than about any other state worldwide. Tourist reachings are projected to increase by over 22 % per twelvemonth through boulder clay 2010, with a 33 % addition in foreign exchange net incomes recorded in 2004. The Tourism Ministry has besides played an of import function in the development of the industry, originating publicizing runs such as the Incredible India run, which promoted India s civilization and tourer attractive forces in a fresh and memorable manner. The run helped make a colourful image of India in the heads of consumers all over the universe, and has straight led to an addition in the involvement among tourers. . Both straight and indirectly, increased touristry in India has created occupations in a assortment of related sectors. The Numberss tell the narrative: about 20 million people are now working in the India s touristry industry. A new growing sector is medical touristry. It is presently turning at around 30 % per annum. Medical tourer reachings are expected to make one million shortly. The touristry industry of India is based on certain nucleus chauvinistic ideals and criterions which are: Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information, Sanrachanaa or substructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakshaa or security. The undermentioned tabular array provides the major tourer attractive force in India: Charminar: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.Kaziranga National Park: Assam. Qutub Minar: Delhi. Mangueshi Temple: Goa. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh.Dal: LakeJammu and Kashmir. Jog FallsShimoga District, Karnataka. Kovalam Beach: Kerala. Amarkantak: Madhya Pradesh. Ajanta: Maharashtra. Puri: Orissa. Golden Temple: Amritsar, Punjab. Jaipur: Rajasthan. Madras: Tamil Nadu. Badrinath Temple: Uttarakhand, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Victoria Memorial: Kolkata, Bengal PESTEL Analysis: Originally designed as a concern environmental scan, the PEST or PESTLE analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment ( large image ) in which a concern operates. These are frequently factors which are beyond the control or influence of a concern, nevertheless are of import to be cognizant of when making merchandise development, concern or scheme planning. PESTEL analysis is the method to qualify or to analyze the assorted characteristics and traits of any industry like steel industry, power industry, etc, . We are analyzing INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY by utilizing PESTEL ANALYSIS.PESTEL stands for POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL Technical ECOLOGICAL LEGAL ARTICLES/LITERATURE REVIEW ON INDIAN TOURISM ARTICLE # 1: Tourism IN INDIA: BY SINGH, KARNAIL, 07 JUN 2008, TOURISM IN INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //aaharways.com/main/modules/articles/article.php? id=196 The growing of touristry is at a really speedy gait the twelvemonth 2004-2005 show touristry as major subscribers to Indian Economy. There is an inordinate growing on the reaching of foreign tourer. Tourist started coming from Middle East, South Africa, USA, Spain, France and Portugal etcaˆÂ ¦This act as a major subscribers in India s economic system. Interesting characteristic of this growing is that it has come even as planetary touristry has dropped, due to the September 11 terrorist onslaughts in the United States, the eruption of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in East Asia, and the Iraq waraˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that one of the major subscriber to the Indian economic system is the touristry industry. One of the political factor of the PESTEL analysis has effected the touristry growing, i.e, the onslaught of the 11 septembet which was the terrorist activity. The writer says that due to the rise in the income which has made economic conditions of the people better has added in the domestic touristry. The people in summers visit hilly countries like Kashmir and Himachal, which has happened due to lift in income of the people. Aggressive advertisement run Incredible India by the authorities has besides had part in altering India s image. More than 6500 cab drivers, eating house proprietors and ushers trained under the programme. ARTICLE # 2: ROYAL TRAINS IN INDIA: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesnatch.com/topic/Indian-Maharaja-Train-in -india-cream-of-indian-tourism_2192928.html Royal Trains in India offer royal campaigns to the most vivacious metropoliss of India. Royal Trains in India offer an chance to experience the royalty and elegance of Indian Maharajas of water under the bridge epoch. The Royal Indian Trains take the tourers through the verdant vales, waste comeuppances, royal castles, imperial garrisons, celebrated beaches and so on and on.Royal Trains in India are Indian heritage hotels on board which open their doors in different metropoliss of India each twenty-four hours. These heriatge trains in India provide the tourers with the extreme royal atmosphere to do them experience the royalty of Indian Maharajas, Mighty Marathas and Royal RajputsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the one of the beauty of Indian touristry is the royal trains of India. There are 5 royal trains in India- Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Golden Chariot, Maharaja Express and Deccan Odyssey. All of the five Indian Royal Trains supply luxury Tourss in India. Royal trains represent the values, heritage and the civilization of the India. This is one of the societal factor if we take this article with regard to the PESTEL analysis, that has impact on Indian touristry. The royal train are adding great value to tourism as many royality seeking tourers are sing India for this ground. ARTICLE # 3: RNCOS RELEASES A NEW REPORT: BY SHUSHMUL, MAHESHWARI, RNCOS E-Services Pvt. Ltd hypertext transfer protocol: //www.Articlebase.com/rnocs-realese-new-report The study Indian Tourism Industry Analysis by RNCOS provides an penetration into the Indian touristry market. It evaluates the yesteryear, present and future scenario of the Indian touristry market and discusses the key factors which are doing India a possible touristry finish. With focal points on different parametric quantities of touristry industry, including inward touristry, outbound touristry, outgo by inward tourers, medical touristry, and hotel industry, the study gives a thorough analysis on the touristry industry in India. Key Issues A ; Facts Analyzed -A What is the current province of the touristry industry in India? -A What are the emerging tendencies in the touristry sector? -A Which are the taking touristry provinces? A What is the future mentality of the touristry industry? -A Which factors are driving the Indian touristry industry? -A What is the scenario of the hotel industry in India? Analysis: Harmonizing to the study, India represents one of the most possible touristry markets in the universe. It has expanded quickly over the past few old ages and underpinned by the authorities support, lifting income degree and assorted international athleticss events, the Indian touristry industry will go on to turn at the fastest gait in the coming old ages. However, the industry may hold to get by up with several challenges which will restrict its growing. Cardinal Findingss: -A India is expected to see an inflow of 10 Million international tourers by 2010, up from merely 5 Million inA 2007.A Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Rajasthan are the taking touristry finishs inA India in footings of entire tourer arrivals.A Bharat has been advancing its health care touristry by supplying the visitants with private health care installations. It isA expected that the entire market for medical touristry will make US $ 2 Billion by 2012, stand foring a CAGR of 60.69 % . -A Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. -A Indian outbound tourer flow is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13.30 % over the five-year periodA spanningA from 2008 to 2012. -A India s portion in the planetary touristry is expected to make 1.5 % by 2010. ARTICLE # 4: INDIAN MEDICAL TOURISM TREMENDOUSLY ATTRACTING TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlenow.com/indian-medical-tourism The ailing glooming faces can now smile as India has been declared an ideal finish for medical Tourss. Even the weakness Black Marias are now treated more successfully at a much lower cost as compared to other parts of the universe. In medical field, India has seen much growing and promotions. In the offing, the most complicated by base on balls surgeries or bone marrow grafts are feasible in India. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the medical touristry in India is turning at a high gait and which has benefitted the Indian touristry. This is one of the technological factor of the PESTEL analysis, that has been impacting Indian touristry. , Indian touristry has been turning because of medical touristry. medical and medical related installations are inexpensive in India as compared to other states. As a portion of Visit India 2009, the Ministry of Tourism has discussed with all major infirmaries of India to offer incentivised trades to the medical tourers. . It is reported that over 1.5 lakhs medical tourers visited India for medical touristry in 2002 alone that brought approximately $ 300 million of net incomes. Ever since so this figure of inflow of medical tourers is increasing twelvemonth after twelvemonth by at least 25 % . This is supplying better oppournity to touristry industry to spread out ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES AND INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlebase.com/commonwealth-games-and-indian-tourism-industry-956058 Gone are yearss when Indian Tourism Industry had received a set back. A new epoch of Indian touristry is ushering and things are now falling into their right topographic point. India is excessively happy to host the exciting Commonwealth Games in 2010. And every bit enthusiastic is Delhi where these Games are scheduled. 85 squads of Commonwealth Nations would be seen contending for 17 subjects. The 12 twenty-four hours long event will hold lucifers of swimming, wrestle, weightlifting, cycling, endurance contest, badminton, pugilism, hiting, sports, table tennis and tennis etc. which would be held from 3rd to 14th October 2010 Analysis: Harmonizing to this article, writer ties to state that India and more significantly Delhi and neighbouring provinces have geared themselves up for the approaching Commonwealth Games this twelvemonth. The tourers will be much excited to witness the participants viing in the freshly built Khelgaon near Yamuna River Bank which is really close to Swami Narayan Akshardham temple. Delhi Government and Indian Government had ventured into upgradation of substructure of the state. The Aviation, Hospitality every bit good as Tour and travel industry will be extremely benefited from the Games. Keeping this in head, the transit services are being improved, metro trains will be shortly seen providing riders, A new hotels are mushrooming and the bing 1s are been renovated.In add-on to this, the monumental heritage of Delhi and environing provinces as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is specially taken attention of. ARTICLE # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY India, the ancient cultural cradle of the universe, fascinates tourers from every corner of the universe. Even we Indians are non to the full cognizant of the beauty our state has like our ancient metropoliss, temples, minarets, mosques, gardens, lakes, mountains and a batch more. The most popular tourer finishs in India are Central India, The North Eastern provinces, Calcutta, Mumbai, New Delhi, Khajuraho, and Goa, where Rajasthan, due to its broad scope of cultural and cultural diversenesss, is the Eden for the foreign tourers. Indian touristry industry is being utilized as a well-planned tool to ease international apprehension and enabling edifice of cultural skylines in a broader manner. The Government of India has already initiated to accomplish such aims by offering attractive bundles to foreign tourers. It has besides organized route shows in major markets of the Earth such as the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Within first two old ages of the debut of 11th Fiv e Year Plan, the ministry has sanctioned undertakings deserving USD 14.27 million. Analysis: This station give us an overview of touristry industry in India, its growing and its part in to the state s economic growing. Tourism is a turning industry in India that accounts for the larger subdivision of foreign net incomes for our state. In recent old ages, the industry has been badly affected because of the factors terrorist act and the distressing state of affairs in Kashmir. The earning through touristry in India was dropped below than USD 1.5 billion and so the touristry traffic, that merely accounted for 0.5 per centum of the entire traffic of the universe. Unlike past few old ages, 2009 has shown a mark of betterment in foreign tourer influx. This has led the industry to lend about USD 67.3 billion to gross domestic merchandise this twelvemonth, which is expected to lift above USD 187.3 billion by 2019. Harmonizing to Mr Sujit Banerjee, the Tourism Secretary of India, foreign tourer arrival marks is expected to traverse six million this twelvemonth. Besides, a 24 per cent addition was observed in foreign exchange net incomes ( FEE ) as compared to old old ages. Tourism gross is expected to turn by 42 per centum from 2007 to 2017. After witnessing the positive growing for the first clip in 2009, the touristry ministry has planned to develop three niche merchandises, which are wellness touristry, caravan touristry and helipad touristry this twelvemonth. Besides, the Tourism ministry is concentrating on the safety and security of the tourers through consciousness plans and ad runs to lure more visitants. It is invariably doing an entreaty to Indian public to take attention of their invitees with the true spirit of Atithi Devo Bhava . India is traveling towards its finish of tourers chief attractive force topographic point from the phrase Incredible India . Other services like travel ushers, roads, air travel, catering, sanitation, transit and telecommunication are being operated from professional evidences. This would hike the touristry industry every bit good as the economic system of the state. Beginning OF DATA: The beginning of informations that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary information is elected in signifier of information which has already been collected by person. Along with thissome information on crisis direction, their characteristics are collected from cyberspace. For more information sing research methodological analysis, books from library have been referred. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM Political Analysis: In India, one can neer over-look the political factors which influence each and every industry bing in the state. Like it or non, the political intervention has to be present everyplace. Given below are a few of the political factors with regard to the touristry industry: TERRORISM A ; SECURITY: Terrorism has an inauspicious consequence on the growing and advancement of any state. Terrorism has besides bad consequence on the touristry industry if India. It is the large political job to the regulating party of the state. With the rise in terrorist act the growing of touristry industry in the disturbed parts of state has been at slew rate. The provinces like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam etc. hold a bad touristry end product, which intern effects the state s growing. The govt. of India is taking stairss in respect to undertake the terrorist act by supplying more security to the tourers who are sing such terrorist prone countries. Political Instability: Political instability besides has consequence on touristry industry. Sometimes frequent alteration of parties at province or cardinal degree have an impact on touristry policies and upliftment of tourer sites, as the different parties have different attack to tourist industry. Infrastructure: Infrastructure development depends chiefly upon the authorities or governing political party. There has been a great substructure development from last 20 old ages in India. The better substructure has attracted more and more tourer in India that is why the tourers visited in 2000 were 684 million and 2004 were 760 million. Relations WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: Relationship with the bordering states have besides a direct relationship with the touristry industry. The political relationship of India with most of bordering states is good, but the tourer from near states are non often sing the state. LACK OF INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION: One of job that is because of political factor is the deficiency of international representation of the state. Indian authorities does non givemuch penchant to representation of state internationally because of which touristry rate does non increase by any excess sum. States like Malaysia are stand foring their state internationally which is giving hike their touristry. Economic Analysis: Economic factor besides play an of import function in the analysis of the touristry industy. Better economic factors help to drive more and more tourer from different states every bit good as from domestic market.The Tourism sector of Indian economic system is at present sing a immense growing. The Tourism sector of Indian economic system has become one of the major industrial sectors under the Indian economic system. The touristry industry earns foreign exchanges worth Rs. 21,828 crore. Previous twelvemonth the growing rate of the touristry sector of Indian economic system was recorded as 17.3 % Some of the economic factors that affect touristry industry are: GDP ( GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ) : Gross domestic merchandise besides plays major portion in the upliftment of touristry industry. The GDP of India is turning at changeless gait, it was about 9 % in July,2008. Better growing of GDP has helped to pull more and more tourer. The touristry will besides assist to raise the GDP of India as if more and more tourist arrive they will pass more money which inturn raise the GDP of state. RISE IN NATIONAL INCOME: The Indian touristry is one of the major subscribers in increasing national income and bettering the economic conditions of India. US $ 4810 were generated in twelvemonth 2004 alone from touristry industry and it has increased upto 36 % from old twelvemonth 2003. BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: If we talk about the Indian touristry industry, the rise in the end product is non merely because if the foreign tourers but the domestic touristry has besides been distributing its wings and adding much more to tourism industry. As the economic condiions has been acquiring better from last decennary and so people are now passing much on Tourss and going. SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Social factor are those factors that affect the touristry industry because of the society. Social factors have more or less a important impact on Indian touristry industry. Some of the societal factors that I have analysed, that consequence touristry industry of India are: DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES: Demographic tendencies describe the alterations in demographics in a population over clip. In India bulk of the population is of the immature people, who are willing to pass and to see different parts of the state, therefore one of this societal factor has helped in development of touristry industry bulk of population i.e, 50 % is under the age of 23 old ages. Huge CULTURE: As we all know that the India is state of assorted faith and has oldest civilization. India is frequently called subcontinent. The Indian civilization drives more and more aliens to see the state. The is so much enormousness in Indian civilization and demographics that the tourers find it better to see state like India as compared to any other state as they find assorted and huge civilizations in India. HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE: India provides tendencies to the healthier life style, one of the biggest illustration is of YOGA. most of the foreign tourer besides visit India because of this intent as they find new and better ways that could maintain them healthy in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours sy life style. Language: The Indian population is besides good at talking English linguistic communication, so this factor plays an indirect portion in the upliftment of the touristry industry. The aliens do non happen it much hard to convey themselves to the people. Technological Analysis: Technology ever plays an critical function in any sector, so it has besides played its portion in touristry industry. Some of the major technological factors that affect the industry if touristry are as under: Medical Tourism: Medical touristry has emerged in India from 1995, the medical industry is driving more and more aliens to come to India for their intervention. India is inexpensive at medical processs and technologically advanced than the other states. Around 1.5 lacs of tourer visited India merely for medical intents, which generated $ 300 million entirely.Thus this one technological factor is pulling more and more crowd to India. IT SECTOR: IT sector is one of the sector in which India is acquiring advanced twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. It is driving more and more foreign subjects and tourer to our state as its supplying some occupation oppoturnity to them, which inturn makes rise in growing of the touristry sector. There are many IT parks in India and many IT hubs which techno understanding people from abroad visit to larn new things. Ecological Analysis: Environment is the chief portion of our lives that affect us straight. Environment analysis is necessary for touristry industry as its dependant on environment. Environment factor that has impact on touristry industry of India are: GO GREEN IDEOLOGY: Go green political orientation is one of the major stairss taken by our authorities for the saving of environment. This political orientation states that more and more trees should be planted and less ingestion of fuel should be done. This affects touristry industry straight as better environment will drive more crowd to the state. Global Heating: Global heating is one of the issues of concern of the whole universe. Global heating is set uping the touristry of India as glaciers of Himalaya and the assorted hill Stationss in the Jammu and Kashmir and in Himachal Pradesh are confronting problem because of planetary heating as the temperature and conditions conditions are altering at that place dramatically. SAVE TIGERS INITIATIVE: Tiger salvaging enterprises are besides taking a gait, because royal Bengal tiger is universe celebrated. Peoples come from different states to see the national Parkss like KAZIRANGA etc, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams are the chief attractive force to the tourers, so authorities is taking inaugural to salvage Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. Legal Analysis: Legal factors of any state have an impact on its touristry. Assorted Torahs and Acts of the Apostless have direct relationship with the rise and autumn in the rate of touristry. Some of the legal factors that have impact on our touristry industry are given as under: TAX Exemption: The strategy and Torahs like revenue enhancement freedom aid to develop the touristry industry. The revenue enhancement freedom Torahs like, 50 % of net income derived by travel agents and Tours operators will merely be taxed. Such legal strategies are assisting a batch in improvement of touristry. INCREDIBLE INDIA: One of the aggressive advertizement run by touristry section is the INCREDIBLE INDIA, it is a advertisement strategy for which the authorities pays the money. Many streamers and advertisment on assorted channels are shown, by this the ministry of touristry attempts to demo assorted great topographic points which can be visited in India. Low Spenders: Apart from the above stated schemes one of the legal drawbacks is that Indian authorities does non pass much on the development and upliftment of touristry because of which touristry industry is non acquiring the uttermost best channel for executing the best. Menus: Government besides provides the installations of the partially low menu to the aliens in the railroads every bit good as in other services to demo the sort intervention and cordial reception to the aliens, this will bring forth the word of mouth promotion of the touristry industry which inturn is the positive mark of legal factors. Observation: Cheap air carnival is controling the domestic touristry, as people are preferring to travel to different topographic points with easiness and in short clip Aggressive touristry scheme adopted by states like states like SINGAPORE and INDIA is still dawdling to implement such schemes. High operation costs. Medical touristry is emerging in India which is assisting to bring forth better economic system from it. $ 300 million generated in 2004. Economic development has developed the gait of domestic touristry. Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. Royal trains and castles attract the tourer who love the royal ways of life. FUTURE OF THE TOPIC: Inspite of overall recession and war of terrorist act, the hereafter looks bright: Common wealth games 2010, is one of the immense chance by which the touristry industry could anticipate to bring forth high grosss. Increased hotel installations, the adjustment will be easier for the tourers. Development of the substructure has already begun and this will assist in hiking the touristry. Assorted GO GREEN A ; SAVE TIGER enterprises are adding to a better India. Fight war of terrorist act to prolong.

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Marketing - Essay Example Positioning strategies aims to ensure that an organization’s names pops up in the minds of consumers whenever services in their field of expertise are required. Differentiation strategies ensure that the products and services offered to the market are unique compared to those offered by their competitors. This gives an organization the edge over their competitors when battling for consumers in that particular market (Guidry, 2011). These strategies are implemented in a number of businesses, including hospitals and other health care facilities.   An example that can is used to showcase their use is the comparison between Bon Secours St. Mary's Hospital and HCA Henrico Doctor's Hospital that are both located in Richmond VA. Both of these hospitals function independently but are part of larger organizations that have other hospitals in the Richmond area and throughout the United States.   Though these two organizations essentially offer similar services to their clientele pos itioning and differentiation strategies are used to ensure that they stand out from their competitors as they strive to develop a better grasp on the region’s market. ... This hospital has created marketing strategies that have ensured its survival over the years most notably in this case positioning, and differentiation strategies. The differentiation strategies used by the hospital is seen in the types of services that it offers the clients who visit their premises. One service includes: Bon Secours for Women. This is an initiative launched by the hospital and aims to offer specialized healthcare services to the women who visit the hospital (Bon Secours Health System, Inc., 2012).   Bon Secours for Women deals with medical issues that solely affect women, such as giving birth and parenting issues that follow afterwards.   Classes and education is offered and presented to consumers on  breastfeeding, parenting  and management of any complication that may arise after the birthing process, such as the care of wounds for women who have had to undergo a Caesarian section. Though these services are offered by other hospitals as well, St. Mary's Ho spital has gone a step farther by setting it aside from the other medical services on offer, thus making the women who seek these services from their hospital believe that they are cared for and appreciated, unlike other healthcare facilities whereby these services are alligned with the rest of the medical care that they have to offer.   Bon Secours for Women  concentrates on a particular niche in the market, which is women, and their needs.   They aim their marketing toward women customers who prefer specialized care when dealing with any medical issues. Home care services are another specialized area for Bon Secours.   This is also another clever way of differentiating the hospital’s services from those offered by other

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Example Our subject belongs to the last stage, teenager. The physical size is normal for the Asian race. His vital signs are presumed normal since he was dancing with his friends at the park. Their group is composed of dance enthusiasts. I cannot assume about his organ development. But looking at his physically, nothing seemed to be abnormal. He dances well and this shows that his vision and hearing are refined. The subject’s developmental stage showed his capability to function normally. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development The Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget observed his children and in the end developed a four-stage model of how the mind processes new information met. He speculated that children improve through 4 stages and they all do in the same order. The four stages of Piaget’s cognitive development include sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations. Our subject belongs to the formal operations stage which includes ages 11 to 15. The cognition is in its final form. Our subject no longer needs concrete objects to make reasonable and logical judgments. He is already competent of hypothetical and deductive reasoning.

Adults learn best when learning by and from experience Essay

Adults learn best when learning by and from experience - Essay Example Witt, 2003; Manning, 2003; Michelson, 1996; Wilhelm, 1997). The child is a professional learner and his/her life revolves around school attendance and study, to the degree that learning may be defined as the child's foremost priority and responsibility. The situation is entirely different where the adult learner is concerned, with career and familial responsibilities functioning as the foremost priorities and study/learning, a secondary concern which may even be resented insofar as it impinges upon the adult's free time or the attention he wants to direct towards his other concerns (DeWitt, 2003; Manning, 2003; Michelson, 1996; Wilhelm, 1997). The articulated differential between adult and child learners has given rise to an entire body of literature on adult learning and teaching approaches and strategies. Each of the theories or learning strategies proposed for employment with adult learners is validated by a wealth of empirical evidence but, educational psychologists have incontro vertibly established experiential learning to be the optimal learning strategy vis--vis adults. Through a discursive analysis of this particular learning theory, its application s and outcomes, concomitant with a subjective experiential overview, the essay shall affirm the utility of this teaching-learning approach and argue that its strength primarily emanates from the fact that it embraces the principles of variant learning-teaching theories but maintains that assimilation of the learnt can only occur pending practice an application. However, rather than simply proceed from the assumption that adults learn best when they learn from, by and through experience, the essay shall first overview the scholarship of learning, present the variant and more popular of the learning theories and argue that even though each is inherently valid, experiential learning remains the most effect vis--vis the adult student both because it embraces the major precepts and teaching strategies presented b y those theories and extends beyond their confines. Nevertheless, and as the argument shall highlight, irrespective of the learning theory that a tutor selects, if the aim is to create a dynamic and constructive learning environment, characterised by efficient and effective learning, the tutor must integrate elements of the experiential learning theory into his/her teaching style, especially as pertains to learning from, by and through experience. The Scholarship of Learning Learning theories abound and rose in concomitance with the evolution of psychology and formalised educational systems. The primary aim of the aforementioned theories, as Ehreman and Oxford (1990) explain was the development of the ideal learning and teaching strategy. In immediate comparison, the scholarship of learning and teaching is a recent pedagogical development. Defined by Kreber and Cranton (2000) as the systemisation of academic inquiry and research into the most effective, or ideal teaching and learning

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Example Our subject belongs to the last stage, teenager. The physical size is normal for the Asian race. His vital signs are presumed normal since he was dancing with his friends at the park. Their group is composed of dance enthusiasts. I cannot assume about his organ development. But looking at his physically, nothing seemed to be abnormal. He dances well and this shows that his vision and hearing are refined. The subject’s developmental stage showed his capability to function normally. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development The Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget observed his children and in the end developed a four-stage model of how the mind processes new information met. He speculated that children improve through 4 stages and they all do in the same order. The four stages of Piaget’s cognitive development include sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations. Our subject belongs to the formal operations stage which includes ages 11 to 15. The cognition is in its final form. Our subject no longer needs concrete objects to make reasonable and logical judgments. He is already competent of hypothetical and deductive reasoning.

Christology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Christology - Essay Example Though Jesus taught them that He would resurrect on the third day, they were unable to understand its meaning until the miracle took place. This lack of hope is evident from the fact that they thought they were seeing a ghost when they saw the resurrected Jesus (Luke 24:37). Thus, this resurrection became the very foundation of their renewed vigour and hope. As a result, one can see this hope and faith developed through the resurrection of Christ in Acts and Epistles. Acts 2:32-32 says, â€Å"This Jesus hath God raised up, whereof we all are witnesses. Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, He hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear†. Some other instances where this resurrection is the central theme are Acts 3:13-18; 4:10-12; 5:29-32; 10:37-43, and so on. Similarly, one can find this resurrection as the main theme in the Epistles. To illustrate, in 1 Corinthians 15, Paul provides a number of reasons why this resurrection is the basis of Christian faith. When some people in Corinth fail to believe in the resurrection of the dead, Paul explains the various dire consequences in the absence of resurrection. First, the act of preaching Christ will be futile, and hence, even faith in Christ will be useless. If Jesus were not resurrected from the dead, no one would be redeemed from sin as promised. That means all the preachers would be liars and Christians would become a pitiable lot on the earth. Thus, one can see that it is this resurrection which gave the disciples enough courage and faith in what they preached. This strong influence of the miracle on their faith is visible throughout the Epistles and Acts. Secondly, the Old Testament is full of prophesy about the resurrection, and for those in Israel who believed in Scriptures, the saviour is the one who would win over death. To

Miley Cyrus Essay Example for Free

Miley Cyrus Essay Miley Cyrus has always been an important figure to me and to my identity. I begun my teenage years watching Hannah Montana every night before going to bed, listening to her songs as both, Miley and Hannah and I even used to learn the lyrics to every song that eventually helped me a lot to improve my english speaking skills. I also had Hannah Montana room appliances, posters and even my bedding was from the famous show. As I see these pictures and also videos, followed by all the comments that are being posted about her everywhere from Youtube to Twitter and from Facebook to many gossip magazines everywhere I look. I feel hurt and I cannot imagine how much pressure she must be feeling at the moment. We live in a world that still doesnt know how to appreciate and is full of hate that doesnt go away easily. Personally, I don not have a problem with what she is doing, but I am really curious, I cannot understand how a person could change not only her appearance, her way of dressing but also her personality from night to morning. I do not dislike who she is now, though I find it disturbing how being a role model to so many young girls she really doesnt care about dancing in front of everyone in such an obscene way or posting pictures on her personal Instagram consuming drugs, for instance the picture where she is smoking a joint of weed. Girls that are still young and even older ones can totally follow these actions and do the same just because their idol is doing it, so in this way I dont think she is doing the right thing. As long as I know, Miley did not have many cheerful times, the last six months of her busy life. She struggled with many aspects of her personal life, just like we all do from time to time. Perhaps she did not know how to manage this in a different way so she decided to make a drastic change. Comparing the two pictures, the first one where her hair is long, she wears an acceptable dress and she smiles sweetly, the other picture below that one was at this years VMAs and she is looks so much more outrageous, her hairstyle completely change, she went from long, brunette to short very light blonde hair. She also changed her clothes and it seems that showing skin is something that makes her feel better, she does not smile but she pulls her tongue out of her mouth and makes signs with her hands. I understand her at this point because as a teenager, I feel how pressure starts to accumulate more in life everyday as I grow older, it is not easy to deal with everything, to find a balance in life. Sometimes things dont go very well or as planned, I get hurt, we all get hurt and we have to learn from mistakes but sometimes I want to be someone else, I want to change who I am and feel different, new and refreshed. From one side, I truly admire the way she reacts to the situation. She is being so critiqued on every move she does, everything she does will be known because she caused so much polemic that way too many people are just on her feet and will not stop wanting to see and know what she does. The media follows her, portrays her in a negative way and she does not care, because she feels happy doing whatever she wants and being different. Cyrus has already spoken many times to the public answering to the publics negative response and the way she answers its been so confident that it is very impressive. I think I have much to learn from her, not from the obscene dance moves and the lack of clothes in public. Instead, learn from the attitude she has taken and how strong she is by not letting comments and people bring her down.

Colonization On Hauora For Maori Sociology Essay

Colonization On Hauora For Maori Sociology Essay Analyze means answering who are the focus of the research Maori, what is the research all about Impact of Colonisation, why does the researcher want to do that (in-depth understanding of Maori culture especially nowadays), how does the researcher carry out the research (sampling strategies), and when or the timeline of the research (from the date the researcher started the research which is March 14, 2013 until April 3, 2013 which is the day before the deadline). Sample is a term used to refer a subset of your population by which you choose to be contributors in your research. Sampling is choosing a portion of the population, in your research area which will be the illustration of the entire population. Strategy is the plan you set forth to ensure that the sample you use in your research study models the population from which you drew your sample. Tikanga is originated from the Maori word tika which means correct. Therefore, it generally means the way of Maori in doing things and frequently based on experience and learning that has been passed through generations. It is also based on logic and common sense linked with a Maori world view. Quota is conveniently selected according to pre-specified characteristics precise to the research topic. Area sampling is basically multistage sampling in which maps rather than lists or registers function as the sampling frame. Task 2 Implement sampling strategies for the collection and collation of information about the impact of colonization on hauora Maori. 2.1 Sampling strategies are implemented in accordance with kaupapa Maori Kaupapa Maori means Maori are significant participants. Therefore, in accordance with Kaupapa Maori, the implemented sampling strategies in the research are Tikanga, Quota, and Area. First, Area Sampling was used as an initial assessment wherein a geographical area or region is selected by the researcher for the population then confers with a local iwi and Kaumata regarding the Tikanga Maori. Second, Quota Sampling Strategy is used to limit how many participants from a specific demographic are permitted to participate in the research. For instance, 10 000 Maori aged 16-65 years old from Auckland area were allowed to be part of the Rheumatic Fever Research regarding the incidence of Rheumatic Fever in the Maori Population. 2.2 Sampling strategies are implemented in accordance with local iwi or hapu requirements. Tikanga As the environment modifies or as a new situation occurs, Tikanga are depicted or devised to impart particular context responses for it yields repositories of cultural knowledge that can be utilized to endow ethical deliberations. Furthermore, it yields a framework through which Maori can actively participate with Ethical issues and acknowledge the effect of research may have on their values and relationships. Therefore, it is vital to mold the process and outcomes of the research around Tikanga for it illustrates how will be an interviewer perform their research in the Maori world such as Kanohi Ki Te Kanohi and Hakawhanaungatanga, and have regards with Mana and tapu. Literally, Kanohi Ki Te Kanohi denotes face-to-face which means in the context of research it indicates being prepared to show one face and share oneself. To come up a feasible outcome of a research the researchers must be able to fully trust those who will execute the study in analysis, interpretation, reporting and distribution of the data generating opportunities for people to be acquainted with enough. It is essential then for the researchers to front up in the communities. Moreover, allocating time and space to establish relationships called Hakawhanaungatanga is essential towards genuine connection and upholding both parties Mana, which denotes power, authority or prestige. In Kaupapa research, it is essential not to abrade the Mana of the people by being accountable to the information given to them for they are being trusted from a Maori perspective. Furthermore, in the context of research when trying to manage, organize, analyze and interpret the concepts of datas generate, i t is noteworthy to discuss the sanctity of a person called Tapu for each korero or communication is instilled with Tapu. Therefore, the Tapu of the person must be respected when their words merged with other in acquiring a meaning from a collective body of knowledge. For instance, the intentional lack of distance between the interviewer and the participant is an example of respecting Tapu for it is the acknowledgment of the Tapu nature of the information being shared. Therefore, for interviewers should not guarantee what one cannot deliver. Be objective to identify the limitations of knowledge and understanding. Retain openness and honesty. Be candid lucid about what will occur with the gathered data portray possibilities. Be rational of what will be achieved and be dedicated in supporting and making positive changes to the community. Take into account that Maori culture is based on holistic view of life and the world. Quota sampling In quota sampling, the researcher limits the number of the participants to take in the research. It is also utilized to track the number of participants who meet a certain condition. For instance, 10 000 Maori between the age of 16 and 65 years old from Auckland area were allowed to be part of the Rheumatic Fever Research regarding the incidence of Rheumatic Fever in the Maori Population. However, Maori individuality and willingness to participate should be recognized through Whakarama meaning informed consent (e.g. Consent form). Area After the researcher selected a region or area for the research, consultation with whanau, local iwi, local hapu, Kaumatua, Maori providers and Maori groups of that selected region or area is vital. For consultation is an eye opener to the researcher regarding the cultural considerations when doing home visit for Kanohi ki te Kanohi, a Maori term used to refer a face-to-face interview. Therefore, the researcher becomes more culturally safe and considerate to the Maori when conducting home visit for he/she knows the notions of cultural and social responsibility and respect for Maori such as removing shoes at doors, introducing oneself, recognizing the Maori individuality and their willingness to participate in the research via Whakarama which is a Maori term for informed consent such as signing form, listening (Whakarongo), observing and paying attention to the opening and closing Karakia, a Maori term for incantations and prayers. Moreover, allocate time and space to establish relati onships called Hakawhanaungatanga. Therefore, do not be in a rush for setting rapport and observe Manaakitanga, which means acknowledging the Maori participants who have been interviewed and ensuring the Mana of both parties is upheld by bringing food for sharing. Manaakitanga is also correlated with notions of cultural and social responsibility, and respect for people by ensuring the Maori names and places are written and pronounced properly. Task 3 3.1 The impact of colonisation on hauora at regional and national level is analysed in accordance with cultural customs. Maori Regional: One impact of colonization for Maori at regional level was diseases which were brought in to New Zealand by the European colonizers such as Whooping cough, Influenza, Measles and Smallpox which were the chief reason why Maori population dropped to about 40% in 1890 for they did not have immunities and resistance as well as absence of cure towards these newly-introduced diseases. Moreover, they had bordered access to reasonably priced and healthy food as well as reduced understanding of health and nutrition that raised their risks of chronic disease. National The impact of colonization for Maori at national level was enormously devastating because European colonizers set new laws that suit them and disregarded Ture, meaning Maori laws. Then, there was one specific European law which entitled Maori the rights to vote but they were not allowed to possess their own land that lead to land confiscation. Therefore, landless Maori lost their sense of belonging and identity for they believe that their genealogy is founded from which mountain they bow to, what river/ lake or sea they nourish from, what marae havens them, what sub-tribe they put on the cloak of and what tribe they will one day stand to battle for. They also underwent reduced access to and utilize of traditional resources from the mountains, rivers, lakes and seas which have been degraded and polluted due to intensification of economic activity and the accelerating pace of urban development. Alongside that, development has jeopardized the cultural heritage of Maori in spite of some protections. For instance, many sites of cultural, spiritual, and historical importance have been transformed or even demolished. Therefore, the tangata whenua have had to fight hard to keep even a faint shadow of the tino rangatiratanga and kaitiakitanga they exercised at the time the Treaty was signed. Native Hawaiians Regional: The impact of colonization at regional level for Native Hawaiians was also new diseases that brought in to the islands by the colonizers such as Whooping cough, Influenza, Measles and Smallpox which annexed every region of Hawaii and nearly eradicated its indigenous people who did not have immunities and resistance as well as absence of cure towards these newly-introduced diseases. Therefore, this was the shattering point in terms of the population, race and passing on the Native Hawaiian tradition to the next generation. National: The impact of colonization at national level for Native Hawaiians were chaotic governmental and religious systems because the top monarchy women at the time who were Hewahewa, Keopuolani, and Kaahumanu wrecked and reversed the Ai Kapu meaning religious laws Hawaiians formerly believed. Therefore, Native Hawaiians, who were left uncertain of what to do about their religion and had never practiced previously the things that missionaries stated in their messages to all of the Hawaiians, were curious, intrigued, listened and adapted Christianity. Thus, they became aware of a single god who they had never perceived or contemplated before, and they had set up governmental system of laws again that helped them in getting the people back to order and to replace the Kapu that had been wrecked as well as daily and monthly calendar, religious holidays, and the time concept. Therefore, it is evident that Christianity is the dominant religion nowadays in Hawaiian society. 3.2 The impact of colonisation on the cultural base and the effects these have on health are analysed in accordance with cultural customs. Maori Customs and Language: Maori customs and language were majority assimilated by Western colonizers during and after colonization. Because of assimilation policy, the young Maori generations were detached from their Kaumatau, whanau, hapu and iwi. Therefore, the elderly knowledge, teachings and customs were diminished in the community. Moreover, in the decades following the signing of the Treaty, the number of native speakers diminished to the point where the language was in danger of extinction because it became illegal to convey Te reo particularly in schools so Maori children were being punished if they expressed themselves in their native language. Therefore, these punishments had negatively affected the mental health and psychological health of the Maori children. However, in the last 20 years, Government has supported Maori efforts to restore Te Reo through kura kaupapa (schools) and Kohanga reo (preschool language nests). Furthermore, the Kaupapa research and Tikanga Best Practice were commenced to guide the health care providers in primary and secondary particularly the General Practitioners because many Maori use English for daily basis but healthcare providers and GPs may meet older Maori who communicates only Te reo, and younger Maori who claim their rights to communicate in their own language. Thus, healthcare providers and GPs should also have knowledge of accessible translation services in their region and should learn how to articulate Maori words properly so they can engage fully with Maori patients and develop the chance of creating a powerful therapeutic relationship. This can also decrease their lack of knowledge about Maori customs and language that can affect on providing health services in flourishing outcomes because they are knowledgeable about often misinterpreted Tapu and noa which are profound concepts for these are perceived as underpinnings of a system of public health in which social and spiritual health are associated with elements of physical health. Additionally, Maori are failing younger than PÄ keha for they are more socially disadvantaged, poorer, and are less likely to obtain help so the government focuses on recovering the physical wellbeing of Maori as well as psychological perspectives. Therefore, Whanau Ora Strategy, Maori Health strategy, and District Health Board (DHB) were commenced as well as New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 that acknowledges the Treaty of Waitangi, by obliging the District Health Boards to recover the health outcomes of Maori. Lifestyle: In according with the civilization and urbanization, the lifestyles of Maori revolutionize too far from old traditions and assimilated the Western lifestyle such as fast food enjoyment so their physical health is negatively affected for they are at high risks of non-communicable disease. Moreover, the Kaumatua tend to have less contact with younger generations so the gap between these two generations widens that leads to the loss of their identity, psychological and spiritual health. Native Hawaiians Customs and Lifestyle: Modifications in the environment as a result of colonization and westernization have been dramatic when compared with traditional indigenous life ways. For instance, they have assimilated the Western lifestyle such as fast food enjoyment so their physical health is negatively affected for they are at high risks of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, their risks of non-communicable diseases further as their physical activities decrease due to transport system which is one product of urbanization. However, their spiritual health and psychological health have progressed because they believed that Christianity has helped them in the right direction after embracing it. Therefore, they have become aware of a single god who they had never perceived or contemplated before, and their wrecked and reversed Ai Kapu, meaning religious laws Hawaiians believed, have been replaced as well as their daily and monthly calendar, religious holidays, and the time concept. Therefore, it is evident that Ch ristianity is the dominant religion nowadays in Hawaiian society so Christianity has a positive effect on the spiritual and psychological health of the Native Hawaiians. Language: It also became illegal for Native Hawaiians to express themselves in their own native language which was prohibited from being taught as a second language due to 1896 law that obliged English to be the solitary medium and base of instruction in all private and public schools so Hawaiian children were being punished if they did speak their own native language. Therefore, these punishments had negatively affected the mental health and psychological health of the Native Hawaiians children. 3.3 Contemporary issues affecting hauora as a result of the colonization process are analyzed in accordance with cultural customs. Maori Health legislation and legislative processes: The New Zealand government commenced Maori Health strategy, and District Health Board (DHB) as well as New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 to acknowledge the Treaty of Waitangi by obliging the District Health Boards to recover the health outcomes of Maori through enabling them to contribute in decision-making and to partake in the service delivery associated with health and disability. Tribal claims to national government: Minister Michael Cullen signed a settlement deed with seven central North Island tribes in 2008 Treaty Negotiations. Therefore, over  $400 million worth of accumulated rentals and state forest land were transferred to these seven tribes but this agreement includes only financial redress, on account against inclusive settlements to be discussed with each tribe. Moreover, a formal Crown apology for breaches of the Treaty and acknowledgment of the groups cultural associations with diverse sites as well as altering the official place names are contained too. Establishment of national indigenous protest movement and organisation: When the Maori Party was established on 7 July 2004 by Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples, the revival of fading Maori culture was stirred to an extent of alarm for several sector of New Zealand society due to the court judgement positioning that some MÄ ori appeared to have the right to get official tenure of a particular portion of Marlborough Sounds seabed. Moreover, this party supports tax reductions, heritage studies in all schools, 60 years of age as retirement age for Maori, and most of all Maori tenure of the seabed and the foreshore Therefore, the establishment of Maori Party has been a giant leap for Maori in reviving their fading culture. Native Hawaiians